BASIC PRINCIPLES OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION - TVET INDONESIAA

Dr. Charles Allen Prosser (1871-1952) is an American practitioner and academic issuing 16 principles of vocational education provision to date still highly relevant to the development of vocational education. The 16 principles are:

1. Vocational education will be efficient if the environment in which students are trained is a replica of the environment in which it will work.
2. Effective vocational education can only be provided where the exercise tasks are performed in the same manner, tool and machine as defined in the workplace.
3. Vocational education will be effective if training someone in the habit of thinking and working as required in the work itself.
4. Vocational education will be effective if it enables every individual to capitalize on his or her interests, knowledge and skills at the highest level.
5. Effective vocational education for every profession, position or occupation can only be given to someone who needs it, who wants it and who gets a profit from it.
6. Vocational education will be effective if the practice experience to establish work habits and correct habits of thinking is repeated so that it fits as needed in later work.
7. Vocational education will be effective if the teacher has had a successful experience in applying the skills and knowledge to the operations and work processes to be performed.
8. In every position there is a minimum ability that must be possessed by a person so he can still work on the position.
9. Vocational education should pay attention to market demand.
10. The process of effective habituation on students will be achieved if the training is given on real work (value-filled experience).
11. A reliable source for knowing the content of training in a particular occupation is from the experience of the occupational experts.
12. Each job has the characteristics of the content (body of content) that vary from one to another.
13. Vocational education will be an efficient social service if it suits the needs of a person who does require and is most effective if done through vocational instruction.
14. Vocational education will be efficient if the teaching methods used and personal relationships with learners consider the characteristics of the learners.
15. Vocational education administration will be efficient if flexible.
16. Vocational education requires a certain fee and if not met then vocational education should not be forced to operate.